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Bramley apple
''Malus domestica'' 'Bramley's Seedling' (commonly known as the Bramley apple, or simply Bramley, Bramleys or Bramley's) is a cultivar of apple which is usually eaten cooked due to its sourness. ''The Concise Household Encyclopedia'' states, "Some people eat this apple raw in order to cleanse the palate, but Bramley's seedling is essentially the fruit for tart, pie, or dumpling." 〔''The Concise Household Encyclopedia'' (ca. 1935), Amalgamated Press Ltd, London〕 Once cooked, however, it has a lighter flavour. A peculiarity of the variety is that when cooked it becomes golden and fluffy.
==Tree==
'Bramley's Seedling' apple trees are large, vigorous, spreading and long-lived. They tolerate some shade. The apples are very large, two or three times the weight of a typical dessert apple. They are flat with a vivid green skin which becomes red on the side which receives direct sunlight.〔 The tree is resistant to apple scab and mildew and does best when grown as a standard in somewhat heavy clay soil.〔 It is a heavy and regular bearer, and as a triploid, it has sterile pollen. It needs a pollenizer but cannot pollenize in return, so it is normally grown with two other varieties of apple for pollination. It has won many awards〔(Bramley Apples website: History ) accessed 17 January 2010〕 and currently holds the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (H4).
Most of the stock of 'Bramley's Seedling' commercially available is slightly different in its growth habit and other characteristics from the original tree, probably because of a chance mutation (or mutations) that occurred unnoticed over the years. Plants produced from the still-surviving (then 180-year-old) tree by tissue culture in 1990 have proved to be much more compact and free-branching than the widely available commercial stock. The cloning work was done by scientists at the University of Nottingham, because the original tree was suffering from old age and was under attack by honey fungus. Twelve of the cloned trees now grow in the University grounds; one was also planted beside the old tree at Southwell.〔(Science Daily website: "Turning back the clock to save the Bramley apple" (3 April 2009) ) accessed 17 January 2010〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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